Apa itu: Malware

Apa itu malware

Malware - adalah nama umum untuk beberapa jenis perangkat lunak, yang dirancang untuk mendapatkan akses tidak sah ke perangkat komputasi (komputer, smartphone, dll.) Atau jaringan dan/atau dengan sengaja membahayakan pengguna perangkat ini. Dengan demikian, perangkat lunak didefinisikan sebagai malware, tergantung pada tujuan penggunaannya, bukan pada metodologi atau teknologi tertentu yang menjadi dasar perangkat lunak ini.

Tujuan penggunaan

Program malware pertama diciptakan sebagai percobaan atau untuk bersenang-senang. Saat ini, perangkat lunak berbahaya paling sering digunakan untuk mencuri informasi - yang terkait dengan keuangan, pribadi, atau bisnis. Perangkat lunak berbahaya dapat digunakan baik untuk serangan pada organisasi (penetrasi ke jaringan lokal) dan bahkan di suatu negara, serta untuk mencuri informasi tertentu tentang seseorang (pencurian data bank, detail akses ke berbagai layanan, dll.).

Sebagian besar virus dan worm yang ada saat ini dirancang untuk mendapatkan kendali atas perangkat yang diserang (komputer, smartphone, dll.). Setelah ini, perangkat yang dipantau dapat digunakan untuk mengirim spam, menyimpan informasi ilegal (mis. Pornografi anak) atau untuk melakukan serangan jenis lain.

Klasifikasi Malware

Beberapa produk malware dapat dimiliki oleh beberapa jenis sekaligus; program semacam itu sering kali memiliki sifat Trojan dan worm, dan terkadang juga virus. Biasanya, program jahat dikirimkan ke pengguna akhir sebagai kuda Troya, tetapi setelah diluncurkan, program itu memperbaiki dirinya sendiri di perangkat pengguna dan menginfeksi file yang dapat dieksekusi dari program lain, mis. Bertindak seperti virus; itu juga dapat menyerang perangkat lain melalui jaringan, yaitu bertindak seperti worm.

Virus

Virus komputer adalah program yang tersembunyi di perangkat lunak lain, biasanya bermanfaat atau tidak berbahaya. Virus dapat membuat salinan sendiri dan memasukkannya ke dalam file yang dapat dieksekusi dari program lain. Virus biasanya melakukan beberapa tindakan jahat - misalnya, pencurian data atau penghancuran.

Worms

A computer (network) worm is software that copies itself to other computers through a computer network in order to distribute itself. Usually, gaps in operating systems or network settings are used for this.

Spyware

Spyware is software whose purpose is to steal private information from a computer system for a third party. Spyware collects the information and sends it to an attacker.

Trojan horses

A Trojan horse (or simply 'a Trojan') is a malicious program that disguises itself as a regular useful program or an app to convince the victim to install it. A Trojan horse usually carries a hidden destructive function activated when the Trojan-laden application starts. The term is derived from an ancient Greek story about a Trojan horse used to covertly invade the city of Troy. Unlike computer viruses and worms, Trojan horses usually do not try to embed themselves in other files or otherwise spread themselves.

Logic bombs

A logical bomb is a malicious program that uses a trigger for activating malicious code. A logic bomb does not work until this trigger event occurs. Once launched, a logic bomb injects malicious code that harms the computer. Cybersecurity experts recently discovered logic bombs that attack and destroy equipment components on workstations or servers, including cooling fans, hard drives, and power supplies. The logic bomb overloads these devices until they overheat or fail.

Ransomware

A screen blocker is a pseudo-police program that locks the screen on the device and informs the user that he or she is ostensibly accused of collecting illegal content, trying to scare the victim and make him or her pay the "fine".

Rootkits

A rootkit is a malicious program that hides its presence with the help of a low-level modification of the infected system. Rootkits can prevent the appearance of their executable process in the list of system processes or block reading of their files.

Backdoors

A backdoor is a malicious program that provides access to the infected device by means of bypassing normal authentication procedures, usually through a network connection. After a system (computer or subnet) is hacked, a backdoor can be installed to provide access to the hacked system in the future, invisibly to its user.

Adware

Adware is a type of malware that redirects your browser to an advertising web page without your consent. Often these pages try to download other malware. As cyber security experts say, adware is often found in so-called free programs, such as games or browser extensions.

Cryptojacking

Cryptojacking is malware that uses power of your device (e.g. computer) to mine cryptocurrencies without your knowledge. Such mining software may run in the background on your operating system or even like JavaScript in a browser window.

Malvertising (Malicious Advertising)

Malicious advertising is using legitimate advertisements or ad networks to deliver malware. For example, a cybercriminal may pay for placing an advertisement on some website. When a user clicks on this ad, the code in the ad either redirects the user to a malicious website or installs malware on the victim's computer. In some cases, malware embedded in such ads can run automatically without any user’s action - this method is called "boot from disk".

Methods of Infection

Security Gaps in Software

Malicious software may use security flaws (vulnerabilities) in the operating system, individual applications, or application extensions (plug-ins). A common method of infection is to exploit the buffer overflow vulnerability.

Overly privileged users and overly privileged code

In computer systems, different users and programs have different privileges as to how they can influence the system. In poorly designed systems, users and programs can be given too high privileges without explicit need for it, and malicious software can take advantage of this.

Insecure system settings or user errors

Insecure settings include, for example, ability to autoload from removable media (USB, CD, DVD, etc.). User errors are actions of the device user, which lead to infection. Most often, these actions include launching programs of dubious or obviously dangerous origin (cracks and keygens for paid software, opening email attachments, etc.) without checking them first.